Improve Grades with These Study Group Ideas

Improve Grades with These Study Group Ideas Many students get more out of study time when they study with a group. Group study can improve your grades, because group work  gives you more opportunity for comparing class notes and brainstorming potential test questions. If you are facing a big exam, you should try studying with a group. Use these tips to make the most of your time. If you cant get together face-to-face, you can create an online study group, too. Exchange contact information. Students should exchange email addresses, Facebook  info, and phone numbers, so everyone can be contacted to help the others. Find meeting times that work for everybody. The bigger the group, the more effective the study time will be. If necessary, you could assign two times a day, and those who show up each scheduled time can study together. Everybody bring a question. Each member of the study group should write and bring a test question and quiz the other group members. Hold a discussion about the quiz questions you bring. Discuss the questions and see if everyone agrees. Compare class notes and textbooks to find answers. Create fill-in and essay questions for more impact. Divide a pack of blank note cards and have everyone write a fill-in or essay question. In your study session, swap cards several time so everyone can study each question. Discuss your results. Make sure each member contributes. Nobody wants to deal with a slacker, so dont be one! You can avoid this by having a conversation and agreeing to commit on the first day. Communication is a wonderful thing! Try communicating via Google Docs or Facebook. There are lots of ways you can study without actually gathering together, if necessary. Its possible to quiz one another online.

Sample Recommendation Letter - Undergrad Student

Sample Recommendation Letter - Undergrad Student Undergraduate students are often asked to supply a recommendation letter when applying to a business program. Many students automatically think of academic recommendations when they come across this part of the application, but there are other types of recommendation letters that can make an impact on business school admissions committees. Sometimes the best letters offer insight into the students personality. Sample College Recommendation for an Undergraduate Applicant To Whom It May Concern: Carrie Youstis is an exceptional young lady. Most everyone knows of her intellectual acumen, lofty ambitions, dancing abilities, and kindness; indeed, she is a sort of legend in her small hometown of Southwest Plainsfield, NJ, but few know of the struggle Carrie endured during her middle years of high school. Carrie had a close friend, Kaya, whom she had met at summer camp. She and Kaya had grown very close during the first two years of high school.During the middle of tenth grade, Carrie received news that Kaya was suffering from a rare degenerative disease. It was terminal, Carrie was told but did not cry. She did not even take a moment to worry about how this might affect her. She simply called me, her principal, and asked if she could miss a few days of school, explaining to me the grave situation. I told her that, of course, she may miss school, provided that she make up her work.Then, before she hung up, Carrie asked me to pray on her friends behalf, and said, â€Å" I can go on without Kaya  ­ I have many friends and I will mourn but I have a wonderful life. Kaya is suffering so much, though, and when it’ s all over, that will be it for her. And she is her mother’ s only child. How will she go on?† I was so impressed that Carrie was thinking about everyone affected except herself: Kaya, Kaya’ s mother, but not CarrieYoustis. Such maturity. Carrie knew she had a wonderful life, a belief in God, but she felt for others so profoundly.Carrie visited Kaya often for several months, always bringing her cards and flowers and of course, good cheer. Kaya finally passed away that Spring, and Carrie made sure to visit the mother every week that following summer.You will read of Carries grades and scores and sports abilities, of her awards and accolades; I wanted to relate this episode, as it characterizes what this remarkable young lady is really all about. As she graduates high school, I and all of SouthwestPlainsfield are so sad to se e her go, but realize that she is destined to effect great things far beyond the narrow confines of a small town in New Jersey.Sincerely,Esti IturraldePrincipal, North SouthwestPlainsfield High School

The dichotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The dichotomy - Essay Example On one hand, the student feels achieved by mere success appraisal of the individual, which is a function of a number of considerations as discussed below. Theorists of the incremental perspective of learning place meaning on the perception of learning and intelligence, where flexible notions of learning determine how an individual associates success to a task. Proponents of this perspective hold the view that students see opportunities in their own experiences and hold little credit on the views of other persons. Opinion on the evaluation outcomes does not make a huge impact on the perceptions held on individual performance. In light of the demands of learning, effort made towards a task amount to an experience rewarding enough that the opinion of an evaluator would not significantly change the overall satisfaction obtained. Incremental view of the learning process is that the opinion of the appraising individual is secondary to the essential part of the task, whether quality is achieved of otherwise (Shippensburg University 2012, para.7). Despite the demands of an appraisal likely to form part of the learning assignment, the student attaches meaning to the learning experience as opposed to appraisal. Perhaps one of the reasons why the student opts to employ personal evaluation strategy could arise from available alternatives to appraisal. The evaluation aspect by a team as an optional functionality in the determination of success upon learning the piece of music gives the student a choice of evaluation alternatives, personal appraisal included on the list of appraisal methods. In view of making choices from the different options of evaluation available to students, the students with a higher belief on their performances may opt to make the appraisal by their own volition not only demonstrate the logic of their interpretation to learning but also potential to evaluate. Despite the fact that

Ethical reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical reflection - Essay Example Although it is unclear with respect to whether or not one or both of the twins could have survived if more timely action had taken place, it is affirmatively clear that the likelihood of one of the twins surviving could have been maximized if the hospital had the potential to perform the abortion when it was immediately required. Sadly, because of the ethical interpretation that such institutions hold onto, a baseline of help that would have been available to the patient was non-existent; further restricting the potential resources and means of address that this particular situation required. A further ethical reflection reveals the fact that even though an element of the Hippocratic Oath requires the medical professional to do no harm, they are also required to address the healthcare needs and promote life whenever possible. As can be seen, these two requirements of the Hippocratic oath, into conflict with one another with regards to the case in question. Rather than abandoning the Hippocratic Oath and attempting to forge and new ethical consideration that could address the situation at hand, it must be understood that the unique case represents a situation in which definitive action must be taken as a means of preserving the potential life that existed within the womb (Raghavan 1). By refusing the act in a time of need, the ethical burden is not only on the hospital and its staff with respect to not performing the abortion in conjunction with the parent’s wishes, it is also at fault for seeing the situation, prescribing a solution scenario, and then not addressi ng this scenario in the correct way. A further level of understanding and ethical analysis can be had with respect to the fact that the medical professionals intimately knew what was required in order for one of the fetuses to have a chance at viability; however, due to

Rewrite article from a quantitative to a qualitative study Essay

Rewrite article from a quantitative to a qualitative study - Essay Example Compounded with the aging population of registered nurse, the problem is yet to be solved. The author identifies high turnover and increased cost of replacement as a major research problem. Current literature contains numerous research articles on job satisfaction. However, most of these literature materials analyze the problem from a business perspective. Although health organizations operate under fundamental business principles, job satisfaction issues require professional analysis. Ideally, the article intends to express severity of the looming nurse’s shortages, determine the leading factors, and hypothesize possible solutions to the nurses’ recruitment and retention question. The author intended to develop sufficient solution to fundamental research questions. Firstly, the author wanted to establish the role of job satisfaction in employee retention. Additionally the article explores the role of workload and incentives on recruitment and retention of specialized n urse. Issues of remuneration and the need to harmonize the salary of nurses with those of other civil servant also featured in the article. The researcher utilized quantitative techniques for (n=62). Questionnaires were the main research tools applied in the research. Samples were drawn from qualified nurse in critical and surgical care units of five Southern States Hospitals that were identified for the study. The researchers distributed 201 questionnaires, of which 121 were considered valid. The nursing job satisfaction scale NJSS was used alongside the questionnaires to gauge the level of satisfaction among nurse (Davis, Ward, Woodall, Shultz, & Davis, 2007). Additionally, other researchers relied on demographic materials to collect essential information. Critical information acquired from demographic materials included level of education, experience, and age and employment status of nurses. Participation in the research was on voluntary basis. This element was essential in ensur ing equal participation of nurses from different specializations. Although the research did not consolidate all possible cases, it achieved a fair coverage. Independent variables in the study included new recruitments, highest attained qualification for nurse, age, and level of incentives. Independent variables included rate of employee’s turnover, new applications and rate of employee retention. The choice of independent and dependent variables favored the research questions. Arguably, the research design allowed the researcher to respond to the initial research questions. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Version 14.0). This analysis was conducted using an independent t test to differentiate between surgical and critical unit nurse. The quantitative research did not establish significant differences between critical unit nurses and surgical nurses in terms of job satisfaction. Additionally, the study established that both units experienced equivalent rate of employee turnover. Ideally, job satisfaction among health workers is independent of salary scale and professional level of individual employee. Being a quantitative study the research intended to measure response of independent variable from subsequent changes in independent variables. Alternatively, if the study were qualitative, the researcher would be concerned with change of human behavior from change in each of the

Orr-sommerfeld Stability Analysis of Two-fluid Couette Flow

Orr-sommerfeld Stability Analysis of Two-fluid Couette Flow ORR-SOMMERFELD STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TWO-FLUID COUETTE FLOW WITH SURFACTANT V.P.T.N.C.Srikanth BOJJA1* , Maria FERNANDINO1, Roar SKARTLIEN2 ABSTRACT In the present work, the surfactant induced instability of a sheared two fluid system is examined. The linear stability analysis of two-fluid couette system with an amphiphilic surfactant is carried out by developing Orr-Sommerfeld type stability equations along with surfactant transport equation and the system of ordinary differential equations are solved by Chebyshev Collocation method[1,2]. Linear stability analysis reveals that the surfactant either induces Marangoni instability or significantly reduces the rate at which small perturbations decay. Keywords:Linear stability, Orr-Sommerfeld, Marangoni mode, Amphiphilic surfactant. NOMENCLATURE A complete list of symbols used, with dimensions, is given. Greek Symbols Growth rate Surfactant concentration Mass density, [kg/m3]. Dynamic viscosity, [kg/m.s]. Height of perturbed inteface Surface tension Wave number ,Stream functions Latin Symbols Capillary number Marangoni number Number of Collocation pints Reynolds number Plate/Wall velocity Complex wave spped Width of fluid layer Amplitude of Pressure disturbance Amplitude of surfactant concentration disturbance Amplitude of interface perturbation Viscosity ratio Depth ratio Shear of basic velocity Velocity, [m/s]. Sub/superscripts Index i. Index j. Perturbed quantities Base state quantities INTRODUCTION Two layer channel flows and flows with and without surfactants have been given considerable importance because of its numerous industrial applications. Oil recovery[3], lubricated pipelining[4], liquid coating processes[5] are typical industrial situations where Two layer channel flows are often seen. Surfactants also have wide range of industrial applications for example in enhanced oil recovery[6]. Using Perturbation analysis, the primary instability of the two-layer plane Couette–Poiseuille flow was studied by Yih[7] and his studies revealed that even at small Reynolds numbers, the interface is susceptible to long-wave instability associated with viscosity stratification. Yiantsios Higgins[8] later extended this study for small to large values of wavenumber and confirmed the existence of the shear mode instability. Boomkamp Miesen[9] came up with the method of an energy budget for studying instabilities in parallel two-layer flows, where energy is supplied from the primary flow to the perturbed flow and instability appears at sufficiently long wave numbers through the increase of kinetic energy of an infinitesimal disturbance with time. In the presence of surfactant at the sheared interface, Frenkel Halpern[10,11] discovered that even in the stokes flow limit, the interface is unstable as the surfactant induces Marangoni instability, which was later confirmed by Blyt h Pozrikidis[12]. In the case of Stokes flow, they identified two normal modes, the Yih mode due to viscosity stratification inducing a jump in the interfacial shear, and the Marangoni mode associated with the presence of the surfactant. In contrast, at finite Reynolds numbers, infinite number of normal modes are possible and by parameter continuation with respect to the Reynolds number the most dangerous Yih and Marangoni modes can be identified. In this article, the effect of an insoluble surfactant on the stability of two-layer couette channel flow is studied in detail for low to moderate values of the Reynolds number. To isolate the Marangoni effect, gravity was suppressed in this problem and this was done by considering equal density fluids. Linear stability analysis was carried out by formulating Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem, which was solved numerically using Chebyshev collocation method[1][2] for all wavenumbers. Both Marangoni mode and Shear mode are detected and utmost focus is given to Marangoni mode as Shear mode is always stable at moderate to long wavenumbers under the influence of inertia. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In  § Model description, the governing equations for the system in question are laid out, Normal mode analysis of the physical system is carried out, Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem is formulated. General description of Chebyshev collocation method and detailed description of numerical simulation of Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem by Chebyshev collocation method and validation of numerical method with literature data is given in  § Numerical method. Detailed discussion of results done in  § Results. The concluding remarks and outlook for further-work in  § Conclusions. Finally acknowledgements in and  §Acknowledgemnts. Model description Consider two super-imposed immiscible liquid layers between two infinite parallel plates located at, as in Fig. 1. Let the basic flow be driven only by steady motion of plates. It is well known that the basic ‘‘Couette’’ velocity profiles are steady and vary only in the span-wise direction and in the basic state, the unperturbed interface between the liquids is flat and is located at. The gravity is suppressed in this problem by considering equal densities in order to investigate the effects of surfactant and inertia on the stability of the system under consideration. The subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the lower or upper fluid, respectively and channel walls move in the horizontal direction, x, with velocities and. The interface is occupied by an insoluble surfactant with surface concentration which is only convected and diffused over the interface, but not into the bulk of the fluids thus locally changing the surface tension . Governing equations The mass and momentum conservation equations governing the two-layer system are , (1) Where subscript represents lower and upper liquid layers respectively. Here , Figure 1: Schematic sketch of Couette-Poiseuille flow with surfactant laden interface. The perturbed interface is shown as sinusoidal curve. is the concentration of insoluble surfactant. The associated boundary conditions for the system are no slip and no penetration boundary conditions at the walls. ,at and ,at The associated interface conditions are continuity of velocity, tangential stress and normal stress. Continuity of velocity at the interface , at The tangential and normal stress conditions at the interface are given by (2) Where are stress tensors, is unit normal, is unit tangent and Kinematic interfacial condition is The surfactant transport equation[13] at the interface is given by (3) Where is surface molecular diffusivity of surfactant. is usually negligible and neglected in this case. We introduce dimension less variables as follows , , , , The dimensionless variables in base state for the couette flow with flat interface and uniform surfactant concentration are given by , ( ) and , () Where is shear of basic velocity at interface and is given by We consider the perturbed state with small deviation from the base state: ,,,, Now we represent disturbance velocity in disturbance stream-functions and such that ,,, Performing normal mode analysis by substituting Where is wave number of the disturbance, and are constants, and is the complex wave speed. Linearizing the kinematic boundary condition yields . Linerarizing the dimensionless x and y-components of Navier-Stokes equation (2) followed by subtraction from the corresponding base state equations and elimination of pressure terms, yields two 4th order Orr-Sommerfield ODEs in stream-functions, one for each fluid. (4a) (4b) Where is the Reynolds number and . (when,) Boundary conditions at wall in terms of stream-functions are (5a) (5b) Continuity of velocity at interface gives , (5c) Linearization of normal stress condition gives (5d) Linearization of surfactant transport equation gives Linearization of tangential stress balance condition gives Where is the Marangoni number. By substituting the value of from linearized surfactant transport equation in linearized tangential stress balance condition gives (5e) For each value of Eqs. (4),(5) forms a eigen value problem, which was numerically solved using chebyshev collocation method[1,2] and QZ algorithm for determining the complex phase velocity . Numerical method The two Orr-Sommerfield equations eqs. (4) along with eight boundary conditions eqs. (5) are solved numerically using Pseudo-spectral Chebyshev collocation method[1,2]. To implement the Chebyshev method, we transformed each of the two fluid domains into standard Chebyshev domain that is Fluid 1 domain is mapped to and Fluid 2 domain is mapped to by substituting and respectively. Next, we represent each stream function as truncated summation of orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials by setting. and(6) Where and are unknown Chebyshev coefficients and N is the number of Cheyshev collation points in each domain. Upon substituting eq. (6) in eq. (4) and projecting them on to arbitrary orthogonal functions and respectively by taking the Chebyshev inner product, . these two Chebyshev inner products forms N-3 equations each summing up to 2N-6 equations and N+1 coefficients in and N+1 coefficients . 2N-6 equations along with 8 boundary conditions obtained by substituting eq. (6) in eq. (5) and 2N+2 coefficients forms a linear system Where, and,are square matrices of size 2N+2. This generalized eigen value problem was solved by QZ algorithm to obtain and subsequently growth rate, .We used, above which the eigen values are independent of number of collocation points. The accuracy of the Numerical method is checked by comparing current results with published literature[10] for the Two layer couette flow with an insoluble surfactant in stokes flow limit. To make this comparison, growth rates are calculated by muting the inertial terms by settingin the our code and with same parameters as in Halpern’s[10] Fig 2a and Fig 2b, where growth rates are predicted by long-wave evolution equation. Fig xxx shows excellent agreement between two numerical procedures. Figure 2: Dispersion curves for the most (a)Unstable Figure 3: Dispersion curve for the (solid line), (dashed line), at, ,, RESULTS and discussions Blyth and Pozrikidis[14] observed that in the Stoke’s flow limit, there exists two modes that govern the stability of a two-layer couette flow system with surfactant: the Marangoni mode and the Yih mode associated with surfactant and the clean liquid-liquid interface respectively. But on the other hand, in flows with inertia, there exists more than two normal modes. From Fig. 3, the broken line corresponding to is above the solid line, which corresponds to , it is evident that the surfactant in the presence of inertia has significantly reduced the rate at which small perturbations decay. Earlier stability analysis for stoke flow in presence of surfactant opens up a range of unstable wave numbers extending from zero up to the critical wavenumber .The neutral stability curve Fig. 4 for values (,, and ) is in accordance with the earlier stokes flow stability analysis and in addition at , a second small window of stable wave numbers appears to form an island of stable modes, wit h the island tip located at . In Fig. 5 we plot the growth rate of the Marangoni mode against the Reynolds number, up to and beyond, for , corresponding to the stable island tip. At, linear stability for Stokes flow predicts the growth rate, for the Marangoni mode. The present results confirms that the Marangoni mode at marks the inauguration of the lower stable loop. In Fig. 6 for a fixed Reynolds number , we show the dependence of the growth rates of the Marangoni mode on the wave number. The close-up near , presented in Fig. 6(b), shows that the Marangoni mode has negative growth rate for small band of wave numbers ranging from and has positive growth rate thereafter up-to , beyond which the Marangoni mode is stable again. These results clearly demonstrate the crucial role of the surfactant, which either provokes instability or significantly lowers the rate of decay of infinitesimal perturbations. Figure 4: Neutral stability curves for ,, and Figure 5: Growth rate vs. Reynolds number for the Marangoni mode for, , , , , Figure 6: Dispersion curve for the Marangoni mode (solid line) for,, , ,, (b) Zoom-in of (a) around Figure 7: Neutral stability curves for , , and (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Further, we investigated the effect of Marangoni number on the stability of the system under consideration via Fig 7(a) and this shows that in the devoid of surfactant that is at there is very small band of wavenumbers where the system is unstable for any Reynolds number. Moreover around the band of unstable wavenumbers is slightly larger than at any arbitrary Re. In presence of surfactant, Fig. 7(b)-7(e) a second small window of stable wave numbers appears to form

Amendments that Make U.S. Citizens Equal Essay -- 15th amendment, freed

Wouldn’t it be wrong if the women in the United States could not vote? Aren’t elections about coming together as equal United States citizens to vote for a candidate? The 19th amendment of the US Constitution states, â€Å"All US female citizens have the right to vote†. Men and women were not treated as equal Americans. The 19th amendment gave women the same rights as men. The 15th amendment of the US Constitution states, â€Å" The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.† Freedom and equal right amendments are important because they represent what America stands for and that’s a free country. This reminds us that we as citizens should participate in any election, not because I say so, simply because not all American citizens were able to vote at a point in time and fought so that you could today. The 19th amendment was passed by Congress on June, 4 1919 but wasn’t ratified until August, 18 1920. The 19th amendment of the US Constitution states, â€Å"All US female citizens have the right to vote†. Men and women were not treated as equal Americans. Many women were only considered housewives at the time. Men wanted women to stay home and take care of the children while the men would bring in the income. It was expected of women like it was traditional. But like all humans you have the ones who will stand up and fight for a change. Women wanted to be educated and were willing to work and make their own decisions. Some women protested, went on hunger strikes, and even jailed fighting for their rights. Women started conventions, groups, anything that could help fight for some equal rights. The 19th... ...n Luther King would make sure there was equal rights for all United States Americans. Overall, The 19th amendment of the US Constitution states, â€Å"All US female citizens have the right to vote†. Men and women were not treated as equal Americans. The 19th amendment gave women the same rights as men. The 15th amendment of the US Constitution states, â€Å" The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.† Freedom and equal right amendments are important because they represent what America stands for and that’s a free country. This reminds us that we as citizens should participate in any election, not because I say so, simply because not all American citizens were able to vote at a point in time and fought so that you could today.