Modern dance and ballet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Present day move and artful dance - Essay Example esis Statement: Modern Jazz move has next to no likeness with old style artful dance; it is an impromptu creation that wires current move and artful dance accordingly, expecting artists to be capable turn and swing while at the same time watching the situating of their hands. There is significant accentuation on the utilization of uncovered feet, middle developments and above all, fuse of funniness into passionate articulation. This move necessitates that artists train day by day, and now and again, take great artful dance classes so as to assist them with staying aware of the multifaceted nature and detail of the movement of this move. It necessitates that artists follow thoughts identified with proficient development of bodies, meticulousness, and keeping with a little space while making move moves. The moves for the most part utilized in current jazz move incorporate Jazz kicks, Hands, Rolled shoulders, Turned knees and Sideways rearranging. Significant highlights of present day jazz move are the timed beat embraced from jazz music; impromptu creations, disengagements and its prerequisite of high vitality levels and low focus of

Global Warming in Asia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A dangerous atmospheric devation in Asia - Term Paper Example As the exploration stresses one of the significant impacts of an Earth-wide temperature boost is the decrease of creation in the farming area. Development of rural items in huge scope relies upon the climatic status of a district. Farming items are useful as in they add to exchange and help to manage the flexibly of food among the Asian nations. During incredibly hot atmospheres, the development of some accommodating plants, which may not be supported by warm climatic conditions, is influenced adversely. Additionally, during the very wet atmospheres, the plants that do well just in warm climatic conditions end up not developing great or even not developing by any means. This shows climatic switch winds up affecting the general farming creation. The agrarian segment is one of the most significant areas in each country, including Asia. It is a significant wellspring of food, which is an essential need of the residents. As indicated by the report discoveries individuals can't live without food, and it is the government’s obligation to deal with such needs of the residents. Food flexibly should be kept consistent inside the countries around Asia. Purchasing food from the global dealers is additionally over the top expensive; the explanation concerning why the horticultural area in the country is incredibly respected. Aside from taking care of the Asian individuals, the farming area is additionally significant as in it procures huge incomes for the legislature. The demonstrations of exchange animated by the Asian ranchers, help in cash flow in the included countries.

How to Get Your Point Across to These Five Personality Types

How to Get Your Point Across to These Five Personality Types Do you work in a fast pace environment, maybe a customer service firm, or does your job description involve a lot of contact with people? Do you also find it challenging to communicate with a spouse or a friend without sending the wrong information?If yes, then you would have noticed a particular disparity with peoples personalities. Admittedly, you will agree with me that you cannot use the same method to communicate with people with two different characters. This has led to a series of misunderstandings in corporate workspaces, arguments, and issues between spouses and friends.You should understand that people with different personalities require different ways of communication.Now, we are not talking about language as much as how you present your points.Your thought process, body language, and underlying message all work together to deliver your points to anyone; however, it significantly differs from person to person.That is why we have come up with some helpful ideas that will h elp in communication.However, before we tell you the how, we will tell you the what.WHAT IS PERSONALITY?Personality has to do with a set of balanced, behaviors, emotional, and cognitive patterns that are as a result of environmental and biological factors. It generally has to do with ones interaction with people and the environment.Ones behavior is greatly affected by their personalities; sometimes, it could be learned or could be influenced by habits.However, it is generally stable and will often show up even if it is well guarded.TYPES OF PERSONALITIESPersonality is measured by a series of tests that vary from people to people because of the complexity of character. One such tests are the Big-Five personality traits.Initially proposed by Hippocrates as the four temperaments and further researched thoroughly by series of Psychologists including Lewis Goldberg, who narrowed it, gave it the name Big-Five. Goldberg coined an acronym OCEAN that represents the five different personality traits. They stand for:O â€" Openness to new experiences.C â€" ConscientiousnessE â€" ExtraversionA â€" AgreeablenessN â€" NeuroticismThis test determines your personality traits as an individual and rates you either high or low in each test.Hence, a cumulative score will determine your personality type. Source: WikipediaOpenness to New ExperiencesAs the name implies, if you are very eager to try out new things, highly imaginative, creative, and very curious, then you are part of this category. You will find that you are sensitive to aesthetics and aware of your feelings.Additionally, people with this personality type are sometimes mistaken to be absent-minded more often than not.Unpredictability is another feature of the open-minded individual as people around are often mesmerized by their level of creativity. Also, people with high openness pursue self-fulfillment by engaging in intense mind exerting/physically-exerting activities.Adversely, individuals with low openness gain fulfillment by following the norm and persevering in a specific event that is data-sufficient. They could also be seen as pragmatic, closed-minded, and dogmatic.Here are some questions to answer to rate your level of openness:Do you understand things quickly?Are you very creative?Do you regularly think out of the box and full of ideas?Have you noticed an immense interest in abstractions?Are you fond of using complicated words?If your answer to the above questions were more positive than negative, then you have a high level of openness and vice versa. Openness is usually evenly distributed, with few people scoring extremely high or extremely low.Additionally, individuals with high openness are more politically inclined and expressive than other personality traits.ConscientiousnessThis personality trait is most careful and diligent and desirous to perform well in tasks assigned to them. Efficiency is their watchword as they strive to deliver in an organized manner.If you show a high level of self-discipline, achievement-driven, and lack spontaneity, then you may have a high level of conscientiousness. Also, these individuals may be systematic, elegant, and orderly.Additionally, you may be termed as reliable and hardworking.Whereas, individuals with low conscientiousness usually find it dif ficult to motivate themselves to work on tasks they set out to perform.Generally referred to as go-getters, these individuals plan their actions and days and adhere strictly to the plans.Here are some self-evaluation questions to rate you:Do you always feel prepared?Are you particular about details?Have you noticed exactness when delivering tasks?Do you strictly follow a schedule?Do you always remember where you last kept your items?Are you always helpful?Are you against procrastination?A high level of affirmative answers indicates a high level of conscientiousness. Individuals with low conscientiousness usually refer to conscientious individuals as obsessive and stubborn.Also, low conscientiousness may be regarded as spontaneity and flexibility.Additionally, conscientious individuals will instead give in than argue with you.ExtraversionExtraversion or Extroversion has to do with obtaining fulfillment from external interactions.As a result of this, extraverts enjoy conservations and may be talkative, gregarious, or assertive. If you are an extravert, you will notice that you are energized whenever you are in a large gathering, such as a political group, parties, and public demonstrations.Time spent alone for extraverts is less fulfilling and maybe draining for them, whereas they are energetic when they are with people.On the contrary, individuals who score low on the extraversion test are known as introverts and prefer to be on their own and are more interested in their mental well-being.Hence, they are more reflective and reserved as they tend to lose energy during interactions with others, whereas they are energized during sober reflections.Some self-evaluating questions include:Do you feel more comfortable around people?Are you a conversation starter?Have you always been the life of the party?Do you thrive as the center of attention?Are you quiet around strangers?Do you talk in large gatherings?More positive answers indicate that you an extravert, low defin ite answers points towards you being an introvert whereas, if you are in the middle, your answer brands you as an ambivert.Ambiverts enjoy solitary moments and still enjoy interacting with people and mildly enjoy social gatherings.Consequently, they change their behavior to suit their present situation; therefore, they could be extraverts with close friends and family while exhibiting introversion in the presence of strangers.AgreeablenessThis personality trait is majorly regarded as sympathetic, warm, kind, and cooperative.High scorers in this test are empathetic and considerate, whereas low scorers may be tilting towards selfishness as well as lack of empathy.If you have this personality trait, you will notice that you find fulfillment in volunteer work and helping others out without expecting anything in return.Additionally, compassion is your watchword, as you are trustworthy and even-tempered.Yes, you may be branded as passive or naïve; you still derive pleasure in being affec tionate toward people.Also, altruism is like second nature to agreeable individuals as they are selfless and generous.Some self-evaluation questions are:Do you sympathize readily with the feelings of others?Are you more interested in people than yourself?Have you noticed that you have a soft heart?Do you insult people?Are you concerned about people’s problems?Do you make people feel at ease?Are you fond of personalizing people’s problems?If you score low in this test, then you could pass as self-absorbed and challenging, also skeptical about the motives of people.As a result of this skepticism, you may be tagged as unfriendly, suspicious, or uncooperative.Agreeable individuals are usually good team players and supportive of a common goal.Also, Paul Sackett and Philip Walmsley believe that agreeableness and conscientiousness are personality traits that guarantee success in any organization.NeuroticismIndividuals with high neuroticism may be regarded as either emotionally unstable or emotionally stable because of their ability to express negative emotions like depression, anxiety, or anger. You may be prone and highly reactive to stress and also irritable when expressing feelings.The bout of emotions may last longer than usual, hence, keeping them in a foul mood more often than not.Additionally, they read meanings to ordinary situations and end up blowing things out of proportion, interpreting setbacks as hopelessly challenging to overcome.Usually seen as the pessimist among the five personalities, their attitude to work is almost always anxiety.Some self-assessment questions to answer are:Are you easily irritated?Do you always get upset?Do you have frequent mood swings?Are you prone to stress easily?Have you noticed that you are more anxious than others?Do you worry a lot?A low score on this test will mean a less reactive response to emotions as well as a lower rate of getting upset. They also exude a specific control over negative emotions, but this doesnt necessarily mean increased positive feelings.Additionally, decision making for people who score high in this test may be clouded as their emotions always drive them.Also, you are hardly satisfied with the results at your workplace. Source: Cairn.infoHow to Get Your Point Across to the Different PersonalitiesAdmittedly, different characters have different attitudes, hence, altered response to situations.Therefore, a stealthy approach is needed when communicating with any of the Big-Five.Thus, we have compiled some tips on how to get your points across to any.How to Get Your Point Across to Individuals with High Openness to ExperienceThese individuals are known to be creative and problem solvers. Therefore, you should employ a method to access their minds.Additionally, these individuals think outside the box; thus, you should apply vivid imaginative tools to get them to think about ideas that may appeal to them. Also, you should encourage innovative thinking and give these individuals room to express themselves.Also, open individuals are problem solvers and are always ready to show off their abilities. Therefore, you can talk about the puzzles or issues that are affecting a particular object.Ensure that you accur ately identify the problems and allow them to suggest possible solutions.How to Get Your Point Across to Conscientious IndividualsThese are great team players and display high self-discipline; therefore, they are assets to companies as well as relationships because they are goal-oriented.When getting your points across, ensure that you have thoroughly researched in advance; this is because these individuals are particular about preparedness.Additionally, back your points up with current data as well as the pros and cons of your suggestions as they pay attention to details.While assigning tasks to such individuals, be sure to give ample time as they may be a bit driven to perfection while delivering.Also, avoid sudden changes without giving the reason for your decisions.How to Get Your Point Across to ExtravertsExtraverts or Extroverts feed off positive energy expressed through communication with people.These individuals are more interested in social activities and positive energy; t herefore, try to keep the conversation upbeat to ensure a good working relationship.Also, let them know that the conversation was enjoyed to allow them to look forward to further communication.Give them ample time to talk.This cannot be overemphasized as it is not hidden that they enjoy talking.Listen more to them and try not to cut them short as they will reciprocate and give you enough time to share your thought, of course, when they are done.However, if you must cut them short, do it politely and ask for some time; this way, they will grant you the audience as they also love your opinion.Additionally, extraverts love the spotlight; therefore, try to involve them in tasks and also when you need creative ideas.When you give them enough time and space to shine, they will deliver to the maximum.How to Get Your Point Across to the Agreeable IndividualsAgreeable individuals are always willing to please and will go out of their way to do the right thing.However, this makes them a target for people who wish to use them. The best way to communicate with these individuals is to give them instructions and be more appreciative when they do what is required of them.Additionally, give them room to express their thoughts and share their ideas with you as they could also possess creative ideas.Try to avoid open confrontations as this will only make them take your advice and opinions and offer nothing as they try to avoid conflicts.Also, you can make these individuals team leads as they will deliver effective and try to be peaceful and make decisions that will favor everyone.How to Get Your Point Across to Individuals with High NeuroticismNeurotic individuals have emotions that are easily frayed; hence, they are very expressive, especially when they are under a lot of stress.One way to start communicating with them is, to begin with, reassurance, especially when they are stressed out, assure them that it is alright to fail, and make mistakes. Ensure that you avoid being jud gmental when they make mistakes.While communicating with them, when things become too heated up, you can suggest a time out for them; either they take a long walk or breathing exercises to calm their nerves.Also, try to avoid pressuring them, especially in a corporate setting, as this will only increase their emotional instability.FINAL THOUGHTSThe five personalities are all critical, especially in a corporate setting, as everyone has a role to play.You should try to understand these personalities and assign tasks accordingly. Ensure that every one of them is heard and allowed to express their thoughts freely.Additionally, the work environment or atmosphere significantly affects these personalities.An unstable work environment can make the highly open individuals lose their creativity, or the conscientious may lose the drive to achieve their goals. Intentionally study their personalities and give what they need.

Genetic Disorders And Non Heritable Traits - 1239 Words

Genetics have affected everyone all around the world. Throughout the entire time the human population has existed genes have been being passed down from offspring to offspring. This has all happened before we even knew it was happening. Genetics is just not any other things but there are many different kind of things that have to do with genetics. There are mutations, non-heritable and heritable traits, there is also selective breeding and even all the different genetic disorders. Body Paragraph 1: This paragraph will be about your first selected genetics subject, and how it relates to you. Non-heritable traits are different traits or characteristics that are not passed down from generation to generation. Some examples of a non-heritable trait would be being able to play an instrument or being able to dance salsa. Non-heritable traits cannot be passed down genetically. Therefore, it would be something you adapted or learned to do. A very big non-heritable traits that are usually missed would be things like athleticism, artistic ability , or even leadership. Non-heritable traits are different qualities that you usually have learned during the early years of your life not something that was passed down throughout your family from different generations. Non-heritable traits not only affect hobbies or certain abilities but they also affect things as in whatever church you chose to attend or the language you speak or even any physical damage. A more in depth explanationShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Nature and Nurture Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pageshouse, but time and place determine its form (Moore 165). The debate on nature versus nurture has been a mystery for years, constantly begging the question of whether human behavior, ideas, and feelings are innate or learned over time. Nature, or genetic influences, are formed before birth and finely-tuned through early experiences. Genes are viewed as long and complicated chains that are present throughout life and develop over time. Nature supporters believe that genes form a childs conscienceRead MoreHow Does Genetics Influence Human Behavior Essay1805 Words   |  8 PagesNAME: OMATSONE ONETORITSEBAWO LOUIS QUESTION: HOW DOES GENETICS INFLUENCE HUMAN BEHAVIOURS MODULE 4 TOPIC: PSYCHOLOGY STUDENT ID: PMC 26995-NG-UK PROJECT MANAGEMENT COLLEGE UK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. TYPES OF GENETICS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 3. LEVEL OF GENETIC INFLUENCE OF PSYVHOLOGICAL TRAITS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 4. GENETICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 5. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 6. REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Pregnancy Occurs : The Chance Of Successful Implantation After Ivf And Pgd1471 Words   |  6 Pagescould lead to some embryos not surviving the PGD procedure. Another disadvantage which is rare but there is still a possibility of it happening is that all eggs collected for IVF all are tested as embryos and all are affected by an inherited genetic disorder or disease. This is a disadvantage because it means that after the whole process and cost of the IVF and PGD treatment it means that all embryos will possibly be discarded which would result in no pregnancy and would lead to a waste of moneyRead MoreCase Study Of Two Current Embryo Selection Methods1423 Words   |  6 Pages 2 Current Embryo Selection Methods 2.1 Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis PGD or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is possible for in vitro fertilization. Researchers use a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test the sensitivity and can help diagnose any genetic disorders before the egg is implanted. PGD is a screening method of the current embryos before they are implanted back into the women’s uterus. This method was first utilized in 1990 and enabled couples to create and screen several embryosRead MorePsychopathic And Genetics : A Broken Chain1114 Words   |  5 Pages Psychopathic Genetics: A Broken Chain Christian Washington South University - Richmond  Psychopathic Genetics: A Broken Chain Psychopathy has been a growing topic in psychology in the past several years. Studies and research wonder what is the cause for this behavior, how does the disorder develop, and how it is linked through genetics. Since psychopathy can be linked to genetic traits these individuals are more dangerous compared to those who are labeled sociopaths. EnvironmentalRead MoreThe Genetic Components Of Various Personality Disorders1451 Words   |  6 Pagesamalgamation of characteristics and traits that an individual develops as they grow; this can affect the way they think, feel and behave. However, in some cases certain fragments of an individual’s personality can progress in a way which makes it difficult for the person to live their life. This can affect an individual negatively in their daily lives as well as the people around them; this is known as a personality disorder (Stoddart, n.d.). Personality disorders are long-term behaviours and are usuallyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Cel l Cycle1293 Words   |  6 Pagesof an individual cell. As cell division begins, the cell contains twice the amount of DNA because of DNA replication in the S phase. The G0 phase is a non-dividing state of the cell. Not all cells complete the cell cycle, many types of cells-neurons and beta cells enter the G0 phase. We also learn about somatic cells and gametes. Somatic cells are non-sex cells that are produced by mitosis. Theses type of cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells. There are also 46 of these chromosomesRead MoreFamily Health History Is A Powerful Tool For Screening Patients915 Words   |  4 PagesFamily nurses tracing the illnesses suffered by a patient’s family members can help predict the disorders patients and their families may be at risk for, and take appropriate action to help them maintain a healthy life. In this report I will complete a Genetic/Genomic Nursing Assessment on my friend and her family. I will discuss three generation s of family members, identify health issues, and genetic traits. This report will contain the family’s ethnic background, reproductive history, and any growthRead MoreUnderstanding Anorexia Nervosa1008 Words   |  5 Pagespsychiatric disorder, with more than 10% of those that suffer from it will die. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is categorized by severe food restriction, excessive exercise and body dysmorphia, which leads those that suffer from it to believe that they are overweight. 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Components Of The Compensation Program - 1463 Words

Components of expatriate compensation After the preliminary consideration, the basic structure of international compensation programs is similar to the structure of domestic compensation programs (Martocchio, 2015). The main component includes base pay and employee benefits. The nonperformance-based incentive and allowance differ international compensation packages from domestic compensation packages. In the following section, I will focus on the difference part between expatriate compensation and domestic compensation. There are three different methods to calculate expatriates’ base pay. (Martocchio, 2015) concludes that the first method is the home country-based pay method which compensates expatriates the amount they would receive from similar work in the United States. The home country-based pay method is most suitable when expatriate assignments are short in duration and local nationals performing comparable jobs receive substantially higher pay. The second way is the host country-based method which compensates expatriates based on the host countries’ pay scales. Companies can determine the base by various standards, including job evaluation techniques, market pricing, and jobholders’ past relevant work experience. The host country-based method is most suitable when assignments are of long duration because expatriates tend to judge their pay compared with their local coworkers rather than their counterparts at home country. 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Attractive compensation and benefits attract highly-skilled candidates. However, monetary rewards are not always the answer. Companies can also appeal to talented candidates by offering employees work-life flexibility and career advancement opportunity. One recruitment

Work Measurement Free Essays

The purpose of work measurement is to determine the time it ought to take to do a job. The problem is in the definition of â€Å"ought to. † Work measurement analyst define this as the time it should take an experienced and well-trained operator to perform the job in a specific and well-defined method at a speed that can be maintained all day, day after day, without undue fatigue. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Measurement or any similar topic only for you Order Now This time, called standard time, can be divided into several parts: the actual elements used to perform the job; the rating factor used to determine the â€Å"normal† pace of these elements (the method used to determine the â€Å"ought to† time); and an allowance for personal time, unavoidable delays, and slowing due to fatigue. There are four main systems of work measurement. First, and most used, is time study, specifically, stop-watch time study. Motion picture and video cameras, computers, and various production timing devices can also be used in the place of, and in conjunction with, the stop watch. The second system, work sampling, is a statistical procedure for measuring work and requires an understanding of the techniques of statistics and probability. The third system, predetermined time systems (PDT), uses sets of tables of basic motions that have already been â€Å"normalized† by experts. Thus, PDT systems do not require the analyst to â€Å"rate† or â€Å"level† the measurement. Finally, there is the standard data system of work measurement which, strictly speaking, is not a measurement technique at all. Here similar elements made up of similar groups of motions from the other measurement systems are tabled and then reused as needed for subsequent products and standards. USES OF WORK MEASUREMENT Work measurement is used to determine standards against which comparisons can be made for a variety of purposes. 1. Wage incentives. If workers are to be paid in accordance with the amount of work accomplished rather than the amount of time expended (hourly), some means of determining an acceptable, or fair, amount of work is needed. The payment for work accomplished could be based on sales price and profits, but a fairer method is to establish a standard and pay in accordance to that standard. 2. Schedules. In order to schedule work effectively and keep things running smoothly and orderly, a knowledge of expected working times is an absolute necessity. Budgets. Budgets provide needed control over funds. One of their more important inputs is operating costs. Standards provide the expected operating times from which these costs are computed. 4. Labor cost control. Labor cost is usually a very significant percentage of the total manufacturing cost (normally from 10 to 40 percent). To control these costs, the actual costs must be compared to a standard and any deviation corrected, especially if the actual is greater than the standard. . Downtime studies. Properly developed standards include reasonable allowances (extra time) for personal time, unavoidable delays, and fatigue. Both time study and work sampling can be used to determine these allowances. They can also be used on a continuing basis (daily or weekly) to measure actual downtime and personal time when definitive production records are not kept and standards are not used. How to cite Work Measurement, Papers

Critical Essay Tale of the Porter and the Young Girls free essay sample

The following is a critical insight of a passage from; â€Å"the tale of the porter and the young girls† from the Thousand and one nights. Presently the Caliph looked on the three Kalandars and, seeing them, each and every blind of the left eye, wondered at the sight. Then he gazed upon the girls, and he was startled and he marveled with exceeding marvel at their beauty and loveliness. They continued to carouse and to converse, and said to the Caliph, Drink! But he replied, I am vowed to pilgrimage, and drew back from the wine. Thereupon the portress rose and, spreading before him a tablecloth worked with gold, set thereon a porcelain bowl into which she poured willow-flower water with a lump of snow and a spoonful of sugar candy. The Caliph thanked her and said in himself, By Allah, I will recompense her tomorrow for the kind deed she hath done. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Essay Tale of the Porter and the Young Girls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The others again addressed themselves to conversing and carousing, and when the wine gat the better of them, the eldest lady, who ruled the house, rose and, making obeisance to them, took the cateress by the hand and said, Rise, O my sister, and let us do what is our devoir. Both answered Even so The passage unfolds by telling us about the present, â€Å"presently†¦.. † what rings in the mind of the reader is, there must have been events preceding to this and this would only be told in a form of flashback. We also note that such stylistic devices must majorly have been put to play. The reader will therefore switch in to a rhetoric mood and would ask himself questions like; what is the history behind the ‘present’ or maybe would want to know what happened right before Caliph looked at the three Kalandars. Another thing that amazes me is the way Caliph gets carried away by the sight of the three Kalandars. It simply shows us how humans are simply driven more by what they see than what the reality is. It can also be stereotyped that eyes are so deceptive and we tend to only look at the face value of an item instead of giving it intense scrutiny. It is also evident that as Caliph’s eyes wonder in excitement his concentration and focus seems to be lost since most of the time what we see that seems so attractive tends to control our minds. He wondered at the sight and when he looks at the girls he goes agape. Meanwhile, time is not paused and duty remains struggling behind schedule. As we read down the passage, we identify a repetition which peps up the piece by the musicality it brings forth. ‘†¦.. marveled with exceeding marvel at their beauty and loveliness’. This repetition creates emphasis to the piece besides creating a rhythmic tone that takes the reader to the scene even though they cannot see it with their eyes. The pictures stick in the subconscious mind and create a revving thirst for the reader to want to read more. Like most pieces of literature both electronic and print, the dominant themes are conflict and love. The writer has gives the theme of love dominance and this shows that he understands his target audience pretty well. A big percentage would love to watch, hear and make love regardless of the consequences that come along. The statement, ‘Then he gazed upon the girls, and he was startled and he marveled with exceeding marvel at their beauty and loveliness’ has a deeper connotation than if looked at plainly. Initially Caliph is startled by the passing glance of beauty then looks back at the girls and marvels at their loveliness’. This clearly indicates that he kept staring at them and one wouldn’t be wrong if they termed Caliph as lustful. As he looked at the three girls, it becomes obvious that he was comparing then and most definitely would want to see himself in bed with either of them. The piece is flavored by bit of conversation, this is vital since it makes the characters active and alive by giving them speech. ‘†¦.. Drink! But he replied, I am vowed to pilgrimage, The quote clearly shows us the character trait of drunkenness at the scene. People spend time in the confines of their drinking joints however, we also note from the same dialogue that Caliph is so principled and keeps his doctrines, he says, I am vowed to pilgrimage,† This isolates him and gives him a sense of belonging and identity and staunch religion â€Å" Thereupon the porters rose and, spreading before him a tablecloth worked with gold, set thereon a porcelain bowl into which she poured willow-flower water with a lump of snow and a spoonful of sugar candy† Another stylistic device, description is birthed. The writer explains the scene where the events unfold. He puts his reader upfront with the intense description of the drinking place and basically the kind of life surrounding the main character. The Caliph after refusing the drink, he is served with his preference and he reciprocates by saying ‘thank you’ this shows that he is appreciative and acknowledges others efforts and sacrifice. By Allah, I will recompense her tomorrow for the kind deed she hath done. This quote clearly reveals a stylistic device, soliloquy which is sometimes known as thinking aloud. This helps us to understand what the character is thinking about the other that he doesn’t want the other to get wind of. We either get the negative of positive impression about characters and this builds character traits as characters relate to each other in the play. In the same quote we can also see that the language used is so ancient for example ‘hath done’. The use of such language in one way or the other isolates readership since not so many people are acquainted with it. As the wine got the best of them, they engaged in love making and seemingly could not control themselves or redirect their thoughts or actions. They gave themselves to the liquor. This clearly tells us of the consequences of drinking to a stupor. All those who drink silly will always have a common language and will tend to see all women as pretty as the three Caliph marveled at. In conclusion, â€Å"The tale of the porter and the young girls† from the Million and one nights, is one of the most fascinating works. The writer virtually employs an influx of language styles and themes with each sequentially succeeding the other in an amazing way. He also deprives readers by his tactful employment of suspense giving it such a unique torch. And in just one passage one gets a complete package.

The Political Economy of Germany †Report

Overview of the political economy of Germany According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany is one of the strongest economies among the countries that form the European Union (16). During the last quarter of the year 2011, the real gross domestic product of Germany stood at $ 3.479 trillion (Global Finance 1).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Political Economy of Germany – specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This denotes positive economic development. The country was affected by the global financial crisis (Janning 1), which resulted in a fall of GDP growth of the country by 5.1%. The fall in the GDP of Germany during the crisis was attributed to the position that it occupied in EU trade. Being an exporter of numerous technological goods and machineries across the European Union, the country had a low return from trade. The trading environment in Europe shrank because of the d ecreased financial sector in most of the European countries. The economic strength of Germany has been enhanced by the reunification of East and West Germany. Germany has an active political landscape (Lange 2). The political landscape of Germany is marked by rational politics. The country has a federal government which is led by a Chancellor. The country is subdivided into different regions. The current head of the federal government is Chancellor Angela Merkel. Germany is headed by a coalition government which is composed of three parties; they include the Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union and the Free Democratic Party (Schwarzer 3). Economic policy areas of Germany in relation to the European Union Germany is amongst the strongest supporters of the European Union. The country has exhibited support for economic integration of Europe through the European Union. To that effect, the country has pursued many policies in regard to its incorporation into the European Un ion. Germany highly advocates for economic integration of the European Union because of the benefits that accrue to the functioning of the union. The economy of Germany is highly supported by exports. A third of the national output of Germany emanates from exports. The EU presents many export opportunities to Germany. Current policies of Germany on European Union integration began in the early years of the 1990s. This is the time when the country began seeking for real economic identity in Europe. The European Union was uncovered as the main tool that would help Germany to keep pursuing its economic goals (Janning 2). The fiscal policy in relation to the global economic crisis The current government of Germany is pursuing numerous economic policies. The fist economic policy that is being pursued concerns the elimination the budgetary deficit in the coming years. Deficits in the budget of a country are argued to have been aggravated by the financial problems in the European Union (Sc hettkat and Langkau 10).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government has focused on bringing together all the public finances so as to raise enough capital to bail the country from the crisis in order to improve the trading environment in the country, and the attainment of favorable figures in the balance of payments. The balance of payments is often depended on the rate at which a country participates and gains from exportation of products. As the country focuses on raising revenue generation, it must also assess the performance of the European Union. The reason for this is that the EU forms the immediate foreign market that comes with many economic benefits to Germany. The benefits accrue to the level of integration that has been attained in the EU. Internal economic policies in highly economically integrated regions are often affected by forces from the Union (Schwarz er 2). The common agriculture policy of the European Union – impacts on the economy of Germany The European Union has what is known as a Common Agricultural Policy. The policy seeks to protect farmers in all countries forming the union. Farmers in Germany and other European Union countries are efficient. However, there are a number of factors that limit the farmers. They hinder them from competing effectively in the international market. These factors include input, land and cost of fuel. Through CAP, extra funds are provided to farmers in order to help them subsidize the high costs of production. Tariffs and quotas are imposed on agriculture products that are imported into the union. According to the policy, Germany and other EU countries are barred from offering any other support to their agricultural sectors. Being a beneficiary of the CAP, the responsibility of the Germany government is to ensure that funds that offered by CAP are managed effectively. Germany is one of th e strong advocates of the policy. It was among the first signatories of the treaty that officiated this policy. With improvements in the framework on which CAP is administered, Germany and other EU counterparts are deemed to remain competitive in the international market (European Commission 1). Positive and negative aspects of EU membership on Germany Belonging to a regional economic body has both positive and negative effects to countries. Germany has derived a lot of economic benefits from its membership in the European Union. Germany is an active exporter of different commodities. Its presence and membership in the European Union has enhanced its exportation capacity. A lot of cross border trade barriers have been eliminated from the EU giving Germany the opportunity to thrive in the EU market (Schwarzer 2). On the other hand, participation in regional trading blocs results in negative effects for participant countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Political Economy of Germany – specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inasmuch as the country benefits from the reduced trade restrictions, it also faces increased importations from other countries. As a strong economy, Germany has managed to use its economic power to export more, thence, offsetting the deficit that is brought about by imports. Foreign investment in Germany by countries which do not belong to the EU Germany has a large economy. The economy of Germany is argued to be decentralized in the sense that internal economic policies are pursued regionally (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 16). The country possesses a favorable investment climate for foreign investors. The country has a stable political environment which has been witnessed since the reunification that took place in the last decade of the 20th century. Germany has a stable government which oversees economic development. It has cultivated a strong economic environment that is supportive of continued investment. As of today, there are a substantive number of foreign firms that control their production in Germany. The high rate of economic development of Germany is backed by investment in technological development. According to Legler, Licht, and Spielkamp (5), technological development backs industry in the country hence encouraging productivity. Nearly all industries in Germany utilize high technological production methods helping in positioning the country not only in Europe, but also in the entire world. All these factors denote the presence of an active economic base in Germany. The wider economy and a relatively high population denote the present of a market and labor force for foreign investors (Adekola and Sergi 258). Foreign investors need to assess the role and benefits of Germany in the European Union. This presents an indirect but beneficial aspect. By investing in Germany, non- EU countries can get an oppor tunity to market their products in Europe without incurring excessive expenses. Political stability in Germany is a positive factor of influence on economic development. Any foreign investor in the country would find a conflict free zone in which to establish a business. Good governance is also a positive feature in Germany (Lange 3). It Presents a favorable business climate by eliminating business vices like corruption. Investors are required to go through the stipulated procedures. The complexity of the procedures is reduced by the favorable business landscape. The other supportive factor, which is an advantage to foreign investment, is the presence of numerous foreign companies in the country, some of which come from outside the European Union. Foreign investors can adopt to business entry practices that have been used by benchmark foreign firms operating in Germany.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Viitala (38) observed that the main disadvantage of foreign investment in Germany is the presence of a highly competitive economic environment. The competitive pressure resonates from goods and services from other EU countries that trade with Germany. The EU countries have a competitive edge over other countries or firms from other countries. The advantage comes from the fact that EU based firms are exempted from numerous trade procedures and costs. The argument here is that irrespective of the presence of internal incentives for investment in Germany, firms originating from outside the EU are often disadvantaged. The disadvantage is seen in cases of access to the EU market. Works Cited Adekola, Abel, and Bruno S. Sergi. Global Business Management: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007. Print. European Commission. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). 2012. Web. Global Finance. Germany Country Report: GDP data and GDP forecasts; economic, financial and trade inform ation; the best banks in Germany; country and population overview. 2012. Web. Janning, Josef. Europe: Germany’s Dilemma. European Policy Center. 2011. Web. Lange, Thomas. The Political Economy of German Unification. Providence [u.a.: Berghahn Books, 1998. Print. Legler, Harald, Georg Licht, and Alfred Spielkamp. Germany’s Technological Performance: A Study on Behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; with 28 Tables. Heidelberg: Physica-Verl, 2000. Print. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Oecd Economic Surveys: Germany. Paris: OECD, 2012. Print. Schettkat, Ronald and Jochem Langkau. Economic Policy Proposals for Germany and Europe. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print. Schwarzer, Daniela. The Political Economy of Germany in the Sovereign Debt Crisis. Bruegel: Petterson Institute for International Economics. 2011. Web. Viitala, Tomi. Taxation of Investment Funds in the European Union. Amsterdam: International Bureau of Fiscal Docum entation, 2005. Print. This report on The Political Economy of Germany – was written and submitted by user Hayes Ramirez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aggression essays

Aggression essays Jimmy Wylie Nurture plays a much larger role in the development of aggression in ones personality then that of nature. Green (http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap7/) defines aggression in terms of four basic elements: 1) delivery of a harmful stimulus or stimuli (i.e. an insult, kick, ect.) to another person, 2) an intent to harm another person, 3) a belief that an action will be effective, and 4) a target who is motivated to avoid being harmed. Human aggression seems to universally effects humans as a species. However there are some societies, like that of the United States who are much more affected by both internal and international aggression. Psychology Today (http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap7/) asked, If you could secretly push a button and thereby eliminate any persons with no repercussions to yourself, would you press that button? 69% of American males and 56% of American females said they would. There are many theories which argue that aggression is a natural aspect but there is just t oo much evidence that argues aggression as being a product of socialization. Most of the arguments siding that aggression is a natural behaviour are just theories and ideas with little or no fact in them. These arguments tend to blame aggression on insanity and mental illnesses. On the other hand, these theorists state that acts of aggression are done from observing others and seeing their successes and the benefits aggression brings. This is easily shown though family life and is extremely evident in the media. Some others argue that aggression can be a way of trying to gain attention. At a very young age influences with aggression can deeply affect the way ones personality develops. As stated earlier the theories arguing that aggression is a natural part of a humans personality use mental dysfunctions in an attempt to prove this. For example; Charles Whitman killed his wife and...

Marketing Planning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Planning - Coursework Example Innocent SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Innocent is the leading smoothie brand in the United Kingdom. The company currently owns 77.5 percent of the smoothie market. Innocent’s premium retails prices are relatively high and this indicates there will be a market segment reluctant to buy their products in favor Innocent’s competitor. Increase in the market share. Innocent operates in a market characterized by continuous growth. The consumers are developing a trend in which they are cautious of the consequences of processed goods. This is a big opportunity for Innocent to take control of the market. The consumer tastes are changing. This is because most of the product variety/range is becoming repetitive. Innocent produces quality products. Each smoothie is prepared from natural fruits supplied by regulated suppliers. This makes sure that the products produced are of premium quality. The company has a low customer base. The consumer base is relati vely small and largely confined in the United Kingdom (HomeInsights 2010, p1). The global market is expanding due to the growth of the emerging markets. Innocent’s success has been largely attributed to language. Cultural differences may create an obstacle to success when the company seeks to expand to other continents. Innocent has been consistently growing since its inception in 1999. Increase in the range of products such as dairy, whole grain, and vegetable products. Brand vulnerability – as Innocent grows, its brand value will be subject to scrutiny based its actions, for instance, its attempts to collaborate with Coca-Cola and McDonalds (HomeInsights 2010, p1). The scale of its sales is high. Each week, the company sells approximately two million smoothies (Tryhorn and Sweney 2009, p1). It also operates in several European nations. It can engage in eco-friendly promotions with organizations such as National Trust (HomeInsights 2010, p1). The distribution channel is huge; over ten thousand retail outlets and supermarket chains stock Innocent. Ethics - The company uses bottles (100 percent recycled) and paper (25 percent recycled) for the labels (Turner 2008, p1). It is also creating better working conditions and increasing resource efficiency in countries it sources the fruits. The premium prices for Innocent’s product make it favourable to the retailers because they are more profitable. Health benefits are actively sponsored by the government and other organizations (HomeInsights 2010, p1). Innocent Competitors and Competitive Advantage The current competitors in the market include Tropicana (PepsiCo), Happy Monkey, Lucozade Sport, Red Bull, Seven Seas (Multibionta), Kellogg’s Cornflakes, Young’s Pink Salmon (HomeInsights 2010, p1), Ella’s Kitchen, Naked, and Odwalla (Cummings 2011, p2). Innocent’s main competitor is Tropicana; Pepsi Company owns Tropicana and it holds 29.3 percent of the market share in t he United Kingdom. Tropicana has vast experience in venturing into new markets, a strong brand image and it is dedicated to offering exemplary fruit selection and excellent blends (Cummings 2011, p2). Tropicana has used marketing strategies such as focusing on the health benefits of the products, attractive artwork on the packaging and strong ethical values just like that of Innocent. Tropicana’s focus in the market segment is the kid’

World Hunger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Hunger - Essay Example Poor people do not have ample resources such as land, tools and money that are needed for growth and consistently purchase food for regular nourishment ("Hunger Facts"). Another reason cited for world hunger is the persistence of drought particularly in the African region. According to the UN Chronicle, drought is the single most common cause of severe food shortages in African developing nations that experience the driest seasons. This condition is compounded by the prevalence of poverty and political turmoil in these countries. As mentioned, political strife or armed conflicts are also regarded to cause world hunger. Wars disrupt agricultural production, which is the primary source of food ("Hunger Facts"). It should be noted that based on studies conducted by Food First, there is sufficient agricultural capacity on earth to feed the all people ("Wikipedia"). However, problems relative to hunger arise because of the disruption in distribution networks. For instance, should there be wars the distribution of food aid and imports is restricted, thus, hunger results.

Analysing Homelessness And Potential Causes Social Work Essay

Analysing Homelessness And Potential Causes Social Work Essay Homelessness is not a problem of Irish government housing policy; it is a problem of individuals. In order to discuss this statement both structural and individual causes of homelessness will have to be examined. There are a number of personal issues which contribute to the complex issue of homelessness, and how much these contribute to a individual becoming homeless in Ireland will have to be determined. Both statutory and voluntary agencies involved in the area of service provision for the homeless have different views on the definition of homelessness, and both definitions will need to be explored. Over the years in Ireland the government has attempted to address the homeless issue with various acts and strategies and I feel it would be necessary to review the implementation and impact of such interventions on the homeless problem. Finally the impact of government housing policy on homelessness will have to be examined and discussed. Homelessness and its causes cannot be easily explained. Both structural and individual issues interact to contribute to this complex problem. Personal problems such as psychiatric illnesses, domestic violence, poverty, unemployment, addiction and disability are just some of the problems that are believed to contribute to an individuals pathway to homelessness. Leaving state care such as prisons or psychiatric hospitals, without the proper safeguards being put in place can also be a factor in an individual becoming homeless. With regard to the definition of the term homelessness, it wasnt until the 1988 Housing Act that the first legal definition of homelessness was introduced. 1988 Housing Act Unlike a number of countries throughout the European Union, presently a right to housing does not exist in Ireland. However, there has been policy and legislation enacted to assist those who cannot afford housing in acquiring their own home. The 1988 Housing Act obligates local authorities to carry out assessments every three years, of those who are in need of housing or who are homeless. In regard to homelessness this Act cleared up earlier confusion as to which statutory body was responsible for the homeless, by leaving responsibility at the door of the local authority. Prior to this, under the 1953 Health Act, the Health Authority was responsible for providing assistance to those who were incapable of providing shelter for themselves. Although this Act does not oblige local authorities to provide accommodation, it does how ever permit such authorities to assist the homeless. Also prior to this, under the Vagrancy Act, homeless people were often highly criminalised for such offence s as wandering abroad, not being able to give a good account of ones self and not having any visible means of subsistence. The Act changed this by taking such offences off the statute books. Another provision of the Act authorises local authorities to provide assistance to approved voluntary agencies involved in the area of provision of welfare and housing for the homeless. An important part of this act was the first legal definition of homelessness. Under Section Two of the Act a person is classified as homeless if: there is no accommodation available and which, in the opinion of the authority, he, together with any other person who normally resides with him or who might reasonably be expected to reside with him, can reasonably occupy or remain in occupation of, or (b) he is living in a hospital, county home, night shelter or other such institution, and is so living because he has no accommodation of the kind referred to in paragraph (a), and he is, in the opinion of the authority, unable to provide accommodation from his own resources. While voluntary agencies welcomed this first legal definition of homelessness there were some criticisms of the Act. Focus Ireland, a leading voluntary organisation in the provision of services to the homeless, believed the Act failed to go far enough. One of their main criticisms of the Act was its failure to legally oblige local authorities to provide housing for the homeless. As well as this, they believed the act was too narrow and did not provide for those at risk of homelessness. Focus Ireland divides homelessness into three broad categories; the visible homeless, the hidden homeless and those at risk of homelessness. The visible homeless are those sleeping rough or those residing in emergency accommodation such as bbs or shelters. The hidden homeless are families or individuals involuntarily sharing with friends of family, in insecure, inadequate and often sub-standard accommodation. Finally those at risk of being homeless, these are people who have housing but are likely to b ecome homeless due to economic difficulties such as rent being too high, insecure accommodation or health difficulties (Focus Ireland, 2002). Reviews of the impact of the1988 Housing Act on homelessness Follow up reviews of the implementation of 1988 Housing Act painted a bleak picture in regard to its impact on the problem of homelessness. Kellehers (1990) review stated that the Act had minimal affect on the problem and that greater co-ordination needed to exist between statuary and voluntary agencies involved in the delivery of services to the homeless. He also pointed to the need for the development of a housing forum, consisting of both statutory and voluntary agencies to tackle the problem. Two years after this, in 1992, Lawless and Dillon carried out a survey on local authorities throughout the country and found that only five authorities had staff specifically trained to cater for the needs of the homeless. This led to authorities providing basic shelter, with very little services being developed to cater for the needs of the homeless (OSullivan, 2005). These studies were pointing to the need for co-ordination between services, but it wasnt until almost eight years later that the government acknowledged that such an approach was required. Homeless strategies The 2000 Homelessness: An Integrated Strategy, was the first real acknowledgement by government that an integrated approach to the problem of homelessness was required to tackle the problem. The report found that a wide variety of services existed for the homeless, but very little co-ordination existed between these services. Another part of the report suggested that the majority of services focused primarily on emergency needs such as shelter and food and as a result homeless people became stuck in such accommodation. The report suggested that the focus needed to be more on moving people out of homelessness and, in conjunction with this, putting preventative measures in place that would prevent homelessness. An important part of the strategy was to clear up earlier confusion as to who had responsibility for meeting the different needs of the homeless. The strategy clearly states that local authorities are responsible for meeting the accommodation and housing needs of people who are homeless, while health boards are responsible for meeting their health and care needs (www.homelessagency.ie). In 2004 the Simon Community, a voluntary organisation involved in delivering services to the homeless reviewed the Integrated Strategy. They believed that through focusing on the complexities of homelessness, the strategy takes away from the fact that the foremost need of someone who is homeless is housing (www.simoncommunity.com). As part of the overall homeless strategy, in 2002 the government introduced the Homeless Preventative Strategy. The key element in this strategy was to ensure that no one left state care without measures being taken to ensure they had a place to live upon leaving. This included people leaving prisons, hospitals and juvenile centres. While there have been improvements in this area, there is still much to be achieved. These strategies have had an impact on the homeless problem but the recent freeze in funding for homeless services by the HSE has put the achievements of the last 7 years in jeopardy. A new project ran by the De Paul Trust, which was going to provide 30 new homes to those moving from emergency accommodation, could not go ahead due to lack of funding. A number of other services have also being affected by this lack of funding (The Irish Times, 2008). Housing Policy The term Housing policy is used to describe policy implemented by government in regard to the housing market. Blackwell (1988, p75) defined housing policy as any deliberate course of action which is designed to affect housing conditions. Through policy and legislation, the government intervenes to create a well organized housing market. This can be done through direct interventions such as setting minimum standards for housing conditions as well as directly providing housing (local authority housing) to the public. In addition to this government may provide tax relief and state loans to people purchasing their own homes, as well as providing welfare (rent allowance) to those on low incomes who are renting in the private sector. The state can also act to determine which source of tenure will be predominant within society (Quinn et al, 1999). The three types of tenure that exist within Ireland are owner occupied, social housing and the private sector. In Ireland today the type of tenure promoted by government is that of owner occupied. This is shown in figures produced by euro stat () that 82.3 percent of the Irish population are living in owner occupied housing, compared to an EU average of 63.4 percent. Since the 1970s the Irish government have promoted this type of tenure in a number of ways; through tax relief, the waiving of stamp duty on the purchasing of new homes, etc. In addition, the government has also made it possible for low income households who are renting local authority housing to purchase their houses at a lower than normal prices, shared ownership, affordable housing. Although the promotion of this type of tenure appears ideal in theory it has the undesired effect of excluding those who can not afford such housing (www.cori.ie). Housing need Obliged by the 1988 Housing Act in 1991, local authorities carried out a count on those in need of housing and the figure recorded was 23,242 with - of these being homeless. Two years later a further count reported an increase of over 5000 and the figure stood at 28,624 with homeless people making up. Both these counts took into consideration those who were on the waiting list and those who were not. Voluntary agencies working with the homeless challenged the validity of these counts and were highly critical of methods used to conduct the count. In response to these criticisms, government commissioned the Economic and Social Research Institute to investigate the criticisms of the count, and it was concluded that an undercount had taking place. One of the main concerns of this report was that local authorities lacked the skills and knowledge required to respond effectively to issues that often accompanied homelessness, such as addiction or mental health problems. It recommended greate r co-ordination between voluntary agencies and the health board and highlighted the need for clarification concerning policy in relation to the housing of one-person households by local authorities. Due to the shortage of social housing being provided and the continuing growth in numbers of households on the waiting list, there was very little provision for the housing of one- person households (OSullivan, 2005). Lack of social housing One of the effects of government promoting the tenure of home ownership is the lack of resources being allocated to the tenure of social housing. In 1996 there were 27,427 households on the local authority housing waiting list and by 2002 this had grown to 48,400. The 2005 count saw a slight decrease at 43, 684. At this rate it would take until 2033 to eliminate the current waiting list and this is providing there are no new entrants to the waiting list (www.cori.ie). Naturally families are given priority when it comes to the order of selecting those on the waiting list for local authority housing. Its interesting to note that () % of the homeless are individual households and this very fact means that they are inevitably not a priority for local authority housing. In an article written by McVerry Carrol (2007) they believed one of the main obstacles to addressing the homeless issue was the failure by government in the provision of long term accommodation. An interesting fact in thi s article was expenditure on homeless services in Dublin, the budget which stands at 54 million a year is the equivalent of spending à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬74 a day per homeless person, with the price of a mortgage for 1st time buyers standing at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬46,22 (assuming an average house price of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬270,000). They felt the key instrument in addressing homelessness was firstly providing suitable long term accommodation and then provide a service which would support the individual or family in maintaining such accommodation. This approach, they believed would greatly diminish the need for the web of services that currently exist to address the homeless issue (www.cfj.ie). Conclusion In conclusion, it can be seen that there are a vast amount of circumstances that contribute to an individual or families becoming homeless. Stating that homelessness is a problem of individuals seems to be too simplistic a view and fails to allow for the failure of Irish government to provide housing for one of the most vulnerable groups in society. Although the government has increased funding in tackling the problem of homelessness, the question has to be asked, has this funding being used wisely? It seems as if the cart has been put before the horse as far as addressing the issue of homelessness is concerned. If theres to be any substantial progress made in addressing the homeless issue, providing housing has to be the primary objective. After addressing this very basic need, services need to be developed to assist people in maintaining such accomodation. http://www.simoncommunity.com/uploads/File/position/Taking%20the%20Integrated%20Strategy%20Forward%20Feb%2004.pdf The Irish times, February, 28, 2008 http://www.homelessagency.ie/about_homelessness/integratedStrategy.html http://www.cfj.ie/content/view/152/96/ 614781157279

Lars and the Real Girl

My perceptions and presumptions about people who order sex dolls is not limited on the morality of the person but on how he was raised as a child. In most cases, people who perform something unusual is a refelction on his childhood days. This perception and presumption was supported by the movie Lars and the Real Girl wherein Lars fell in love with a doll because of his unhappy childhood. In my case, if a family member or a friend ordered a sex doll, I will not judge the person right away.I will deal the matter with reasonable thinking and focus on the reason why the said act happened. 2. Discuss how Lars constructs a social identity for Bianca. Lars constructed a social identity for Bianca by means of introducing her as his girlfriend, as if she was a real girl. The fact that Bianca is just a doll was lost when the townspeople accepted her character as if she was a real girl. Since Lars treated Bianca as a real girl and allowed her to grow by working as a model and attending meeting s, he painted a scenario that Bianca is an active and normal girl who loves him.Hence, the social identity of Bianca is a girl who is willing to love him while reaching for her dreams. 3. How do the people of the town set up social phenomena (or systems—i. e. , concepts and practices) and follow through with them in relation to Lars and Bianca? In other words, how does the community create for Bianca a subjectivity rather than the objectivity of a doll? Give examples of the shared ideas the community adopts and accepts about Lars, Bianca and their relationship. The townspeople accepted Bianca as a real girl despite the fact that she was a doll.They also accepted her as the girlfriend of Lars which made Lars able to interact with them well. Aside from that, the people in the town allowed Bianca to work as a model in a clothing store and attend social activities. When Bianca was sick and later on died, the people in the town also offered flowers and support for the couple, Lars and Bianca. 4. What moral presumptions (rules that we follow) does the community share about family or romantic relationships? About humanity? About dignity? About sexuality? Explain.About family and romantic relationships, our moral presumption is that boy-girl relationships must be acceptable in the soceity in such a way that parents and family members agree to the relationship. The girl must be hardworking, attractive, and intelligent. In the human race, the person who knows how to interact well with other people are always accepted in the society. People base friendship and camaraderie with how a person agree to the norms and practices of the community he or she belongs. A person is also considered dignified when he has pride and wit to run his life.For example, in the movie Lars and the Real Girl, the attitude of Lars in buying a sex doll named Bianca in the Internet made people think that he was insane. But when he introduced Bianca to the people and the latter's acceptance m ade Lars capable of interacting well with them, he became a dignified person and was accepted as a real man (The Internet Movie Database, 2009, p. 1). Sexuality is based on the quest of becoming a real man and capable of performing responsibilities in the family and the society as a whole. 5.Use deductive reasoning to justify the community’s conduct in Lars and the Real Girl. (A one-sentence hypothesis) The people in the community believes that the presence of Bianca in the life of Lars made him a better person. 6. Use inductive reasoning to construct an idea about people who buy sex dolls using Lars and the Real Girl. (A one-sentence hypothesis) Buying sex dolls is not really an immoral act, and what is important is how the act touches the lives of many people. 8. Is Lars’ relationship with Bianca immoral?Why or why not? The relationship of Bianca and Lars is not really immoral. Their relationship is based on the norms of the society and the difference is only the fac t that Bianca is a doll and not the real girl. But it still depends on the way people think and perceive in a given situation. 9. Which statement best describes your assessment of this film? Why? a. I believe that the movie reinforced the belief that femininity (and females) is best represented by silence and passivity. b.I believe that the movie offered a view of femininity (and females) that is vibrant, active and engaged in their abilities and lives. I choose this description in the film as an assessment because it was proven in the movie that a vibrant, active, and hard working girl is mostly accepted in the society. Like Bianca, any girl who works hard and interact well with other people is a likeable person. References The Internet Movie Database. 2009. Lars and the Real Girl. Retrieved June 1, 2009, from http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0805564/.

Evaluating the Research Process Essay

This paper will be used to evaluate the research process. The chosen article is Pregnancy Risk among Black, White, and Hispanic Teen Girls in the New York City Public Schools. The research process is inclusive of several initial parts which are the selection of a problem, formulation of a hypothesis, a description of the subject, and the review of any literature as well as to construct a design plan, analyze data and write a conclusion. The paper will be used to discuss the literature and how it is used in the research. What are the considerations for data collection and what is the data telling us in terms of statistical analysis? In the article Pregnancy Risk among Black, White, and Hispanic Teen Girls in New York City Schools, the data was collected form the use of the (YRBS) New York City Youth Risk Behavior surveys. The survey was implemented by the (DOHMH) New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the (DOE) Department of Education. The surveys have been conducted since 1997 on a biennial basis. The data that is used was collected from surveys that were taken in 2005 and 2007. A total of 17,220 students from 87 public high schools were surveyed. Since this information was collected from individuals that were not of legal age, the researchers were extra careful to protect the confidentially of the students. This was done by having the students to complete a survey that requires that no personal information is given. The survey consists of 99 questions and it is self-administered. The data that has been collected has concluded that there is definitely a difference in the sexual activity of girls between the ages of 15 and 19 years old that attended public schools in the New York City area. The differences include more than just age, it also include race, ethnicity, schools, neighborhoods and economic backgrounds as well. Based on the findings of the surveys there is an unmistakable difference in the statistics for each group that participated. Therefore there is a definitely a correlation between the findings and the figures that were used. The numerical data that was retrieved from the survey proves that the data is significant and provides enough evidence to support the significance of the study. In the article the results concluded that (32.6%) of high school girls reported that they were sexually active in the 3 months prior to the survey. Out of all of the girls that participated in the survey, black students were more likely to be sexually active followed by Hispanics the whites. There were variations in the sexual activity which increased or decreased with age, race and ethnicity. The results also assessed the differences in each group access to and the use of contraceptive. The conclusion states that the use of hormonal contraceptive such as the pill was low among all racial and ethnic groups. Differences also occurred within the different neighborhoods. The conclusion noted that Hispanic girls in New York City were less likely when compared to white to use any type of contraceptive methods which put them at a greater risk of becoming pregnant. It also state that if there is any hope of preventing teen pregnancies, the proper information must be made available to educate these girls about long acting methods of contraception. Upon careful review of the conclusion it is evident that the conclusion does answer the research question as it is stated in the definition of the problem. The conclusion is appropriate because it re states the obvious facts from the date that had been collected from the surveys. It also summarizes the finding and breaks down the data so that suggestions can be made as a way to help to prevent teen age pregnancy within the area that was deemed to be high risk. Although the article has significant statistics and data, it is my opinion that there is not enough information to make a decision on the effectiveness of the study. There were several limitation within the study that allows one to question the effectiveness of the study overall. First, the YRBS only included limited questions pertaining to sexual activity and contraception which means it is possible that there are unmeasured differences in the frequency of sexual activity and the consistency in the use of Contraceptives which could make the collected data on each group incorrect. There are also limitations related to data that is collected by neighborhood schools. In some cases students choose to attend magnet or other specialized schools that are located outside of their home school. Another limitation is that the finding for the study was generalized to teens that attended New York City public schools. Therefore, many students that lived in the city but attended private schools or were in a special education program were not surveyed. The article lacked significant information on any other studies that the data could be compared to as a way to test for accuracy of the information. The literature review for the article was used to analyze the variation in the components that plays a major role in assessing the pregnancy risk among students attending New York City public high schools. The discussion portion of this article breaks down all of the difference and compares all of the similarities that exist between black, whites, and Hispanics which contribute to the high pregnancy rate within each group. The discussion also touches on the evidence that schools and neighborhoods can be a major influence in the risk of pregnancy for teen aged girls. Racial and ethnic differences have had an effect on the motivation and the expectation of girls to become sexually active in the early teen years. Fortunately the diverse nature of the study will help to provide the information needed to initiate programs that will give girls the knowledge to delay pregnancy until later in life.

The Life of Amy Winehouse - 1382 Words

The Life of Amy Winehouse Even though Amy was a drug addict and alcohol abuser, She still managed to release platinum-selling albums. Originating from the little known town of Southgate in north London, her inspiring music helped rise the popularity for female musicians in the industry. Amy was born in Enfield, London, in England September 14, 1983. She was raised into a culturally jewish family, but they didn’t consider themselves religious. Amy’s mother was Janis Winehouse, she was a pharmacist. Her father was Mitchell Winehouse. He was a part-time taxi driver. Amy also had an older sibling, Alex. He helped his mother around the house with Amy, at the young age of only four. Growing up in Southgate was rough for Amy and Alex. Amy’s†¦show more content†¦These are social influences that aim to change the behavior of a person. He use to persuade her of unhealthy habits and perceived it as harmful. After months of this treatment, she began to lose control of herself. Amy was hospitalized and was reported that she had Emphysema. Doctors said it could be an early stage of a disease. Weeks later she was back at the emergency room for an adverse reaction to a medication. Unexpectedly, the fans caught on to her personal drug life. The media noticed she began to lose weight. She had dropped three whole dress sizes within months. She then explained to the public that â€Å"I’m a musician, not a model.† Amy cared little about what people thought of her, as long as she put out selling music that attracted fans. Delaying the drugs for a few weeks, she recorded and dropped her second album â€Å"Back to Black.† The album was released November 5, 2007. It won Best pop vocal album and was nominated album of the year. Amy also tied with five other artists as being the most awarded female for a single award ceremony. â€Å"Rehab†, which became her hit single on the album hit number seven on the charts in the U.K and wa s number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. The record alone won five grammys including Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The song was written about her refusing to attend an alcohol rehabilitation center. On herShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Janis Joplin And Amy Winehouse1605 Words   |  7 Pagesteam always seems to be some girls dream life. As fans we only focus on the musician’s music, where will they be at next to attend their concert, and following up on their romantic life, and vacations. We might hear stories on the television shows, news, and other sources of some of their drug uses, but we never think if they are just troubled or this is just something they do for fun. 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