Light pollution and diurnal motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Light pollution and diurnal motion - Essay Example The spectral lines between them showed two separable stars. The third part a very distinctive star that I saw was the contact binaries star. This kind of stars appear when two stars are close in separation that it is possible for tidal forces to come into play as described by Schneider & Arny in ``Binary stars`` (Pg. 4). Stars are not solid bodies, but rather they are made of gases, such stars are very hard to count but I could count about 10 different tiny types of stars around this kind of star. Due to curiosity of learning I moved some distance away from civilization and identified the same three stars. I realized that from a different view the visual binary number reduced to 35 stars around it and the spectroscopic star became more visible that I could see the two different stars clearly with around 8 small stars surrounding them. The contact binary was still the same. There was no clear visualising to count more stars than before. I carried out different test in tracking the location of the stars from the North Star in different times of the day. I realised that the main source of star movement is light waves and like any waves when they are emitted they move out in all directions with its centre is maintained at the centre. When the star moves away from the North Star it is seen as the absorption of or emission lines in spectrum (Schneider & Arny, 2013). The shifts in these cases depend with a lot of factors but the major one from my perspective is the atmospheric chang e and the stars formation. The spectroscopic star shifted further from the North Star than all the other stars followed by the contact

Political Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Topic - Essay Example Of interesting note, of those that found the crisis to be the most sever of their lfietime, the youngest group, 18-35, had the smallest percentage, 33%, compared to the over 55 age group, 42%, many of whom would have been alive during the Great Depression. Even though this group is the youngest and has the least amount of time in which to compare different crises, this smaller percentage could be in part due to the crisis affecting the financial and housing markets more, of which this younger group would be less likely to feel the effects of, as opposed to the direct effect of the price of filling up one’s tank with gas. Older Americans with assets, including owning their own house and such, would probably feel the anxiety of the financial sector being in peril. The poll found that 78% of those polled favored that some sort of government intervention be taken. Of those, 22% favored the plan that was proposed by President Bush, and 56% favored a plan different from the Bush proposal. Of those polled, only 11% favored that no action be taken at all, with another 11% having no opinion. A telephone survey was performed for this poll. There was a margin of error of plus of minus 3%. In the first set of questions asked, the poll asked what specific plan of action would they like to see done. Also, it should be noted that this poll was taken before high-intensity negotiations took place in Congress. The poll attempted to also find out to the degree at which people were following the story in the news. 80% of people were either watching the news very closely or somewhat closely, and this statistics ranked in the highest tiers as far as percentages of people following a new story. The poll also asked what the outcome would be if no action was taken by Congress, and the resounding answer was that 74% of people felt that the situation would get worse. Some of the questions tended to be

Write about the poem Famine Shadows Essay Example for Free

Write about the poem Famine Shadows Essay You should describe what the poet writes about and how he uses language to convey the speaker’s thoughts and feelings. The poem, â€Å"Famine Shadows,† by Robert Dunlop is a highly emotive poem that deals with the Irish famine of the 1800s. The poet uses imagery to capture the speaker’s thoughts and feelings throughout, especially the bitterness they feel towards those better off than they are. Even the title alludes to the depressing nature of the poem, as the word, â€Å"shadows,† suggests darkness and lingering evil. Dunlop uses many violent verbs in the first stanza, such as, â€Å"thundered down,† and, â€Å"battered,† to describe the coming of the famine which conveys that it came suddenly, like an ambush attack. It is also described as, â€Å"Like a storm whipped up†¦ with perverse intensity.† This simile makes use of pathetic fallacy, as the speaker compares the famine to an abrupt and harsh storm. Furthermore, the strong adjective, â€Å"perverse,† symbolises a deep sense of disorder and injustice. We are told that the speaker felt like, â€Å"skin and bone beyond redemption.† This infers how hopeless the situation was, as it describes people physically wasting away. Dunlop proceeds to directly contrast the, â€Å"Lords of lands, castled masters,† to the, â€Å"fevered cabins of the poor.† This juxtaposition is the crux of the poem: the speaker laments the injustice of how the rich left the poor to suffer. This ‘us and them’ attitude is continued in the second stanza, where the speaker refers to, â€Å"the likes of us.† Moving on to the second stanza, another striking simile is used to paint the utter despondency of the Irish people: â€Å"Workhouse gates / Gaunt as our withered limbs.† The adjective, â€Å"withered,† compares the people to dying plants rather than humans. They have become so frail that they are losing any sense of humanity they once had. There is even a reference to, â€Å"brimstone,† which is symbolic of the living hell the speaker is going through. This barrage of emotive descriptions should evoke feelings of pity and anger in the readers. Towards the culmination of the poem there is a tonal shift, where we are led to believe there may be some hope. The speaker tells of, â€Å"kindly ladled, stirred-up soup,† the first positive element to be introduced in the poem. However, even this is just a faà §ade of hope. The speaker calls them, â€Å" â€Å"Friends† of God,† his use of inverted commas proving that he is so weary that he is instantly suspicious of anyone that tries to help him. The poem ends with a morbid line: â€Å"Which drags us back towards / The ground from which we came.† Dunlop reveals that death was always inevitable for the speaker. Furthermore, the poem’s form is a dramatic monologue where the poet writes using the voice of an anonymous speaker. In terms of structure the poem consists of two stanzas and has no rhyme scheme, reflecting the disorder of famine-struck Ireland. There are frequent uses of enjambment, which creates a tension between the syntax and the rhythm. This reflects the overall tension of the poem. Each line is quite short, perhaps a reflection of the stunted life expectancy of the speaker. To conclude, Famine Shadows is a very dark and dismal poem that deals with one of the most unpleasant events in Ireland’s history. Dunlop skilfully uses language to let the reader gain an insight into the thoughts and feelings of the speaker.

The History Of The Liberal Neutrality Politics Essay

The History Of The Liberal Neutrality Politics Essay The question is should all government decisions be made on a neutral basis or is there a point where the government should be able to make a decision that they believe if for the best interest of the individual? This issue is discussed by multiple authors and looked at from different angles. John Stuart Mill discusses his opinion of government authority as it affects an individuals interests in his essay On Liberty. Joseph L. Sax discusses his opinion of government authority as it affects the national parks and individuals different interests within the parks in his book Mountains without Handrails. Both Mill and Sax look at government involvement and decision making in two different ways. One as it applies directly to any interest of an individual and the other as it applies only to an individuals interests in a specific area. The main topic of Mills essay is civil or social liberty. He defines social liberty as the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual (Mill, 5). Social liberty allows an individual to govern themselves to a certain point. This point is where they potentially could cause harm to others. Once an individual has reached this point, society or the government can step in to prevent harm of another person. Society is neutral in an individuals interests until this point has been reached and they have the authority to interfere with an individuals interest if they deem it harmful to others. This is the idea of the harm principle. Mill says the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others (Mill, 14). In one sense social liberty follows the idea of liberal neutrality but it has a loop hole that allows for some bias decision making by society to protect others. Where society does interfere with an individuals interest it is doing so for the best interest of the rest of society and preventing harm to them. The negative effect of interfering with a single individuals interests is outweighed by protecting one or more individuals from harm that is not necessary for them to endure. All decisions come down to choosing between protecting the interests of an individual or society as a whole. One topic that Mill discusses is the struggle between liberty and authority. Liberty was put in place as means of protection for people from their political rulers. At the time people were born into power and liberty was kind of like a clause if the ruler became a tyrant. Authority is needed to prevent individuals from taking actions that would be morally wrong (causing harm to others). Society then changed and all rulers were no longer born into power, they were chosen to represent the people. The representatives of the people were to represent the best interests of the individuals and this would eliminate the need for some forms of liberty and authority since the people would be need to be protected from their own will. One thing that was over looked was the fact that a single group of representatives cannot accurately represent the entire population, they can only represent the majority and the majority is made up of the individuals who are active in getting their voice heard and does not necessarily represent the entire population. This is the idea of tyranny of the majority. Tyranny of the majority occurs when the majoritys interests are placed above the minoritys interests and causes minorities to be discouraged in getting their opinions heard. This brings society back to the same struggle of liberty and authority and where to draw the line between the two. Individuals want to have the power to so as they please but there should be some guide lines or limits to this power. Mill does not explicitly state what all of these guidelines or limits should be with the exception of causing harm to others. Are more guidelines really needed than that? What is society as a whole just decided to do away with rules, regulations and all types of society authority with the exceptions of something that enforced not doing harm to others and just let an individual decide how they wanted to live their life? This is what libertarians advocate for, liberal neutrality. Having a society with no rules or regulations with only a few minor exceptions, would allow for an individual to focus on their interests and preferences and allow them to achieve their version of the good life since there would be not interferences from society. Having liberties can produce a positive effect in individuals if they are given the opportunity to effectively utilize their liberties. Although Mills essay was published in 1859, the ideas he presents are still currently being discusses such as in Mark Sagoffs Can Environmentalists be Liberals?, Cary Coglianeses Implications of Liberal Neutrality for Environmental Policy and Andrew Vincents Liberalism and the Environment. There is no wrong answer to the struggle between liberty and authority and there is a possibility of multiple right answers for this struggle. Mill discusses liberty in a broad sense, and does not apply it to a specific area of interest but to all areas of interest to an individual. Sax discusses liberty and authority as it directly affects national parks and the individuals who benefit from them. He tries to answer or at least present the different sides of answering the question should the national parks basically be treated as recreational commodities, responding to the demand for development and urban comforts that visitors conventionally bring to them or should they be reserves as temples of nature worship admitting only the faithful? (Sax, 2) Preservationists represent one side of this issue and want national parks to remain undisturbed by human activities. The preference for undisturbed nature and recreation in nature is merely just a matter of taste specific to each individual and no policy will be able to please all parties. One individuals interest and preference for a national park may contradict another individuals interests and preferences, which make it difficult for society to remain neutral n its decision making process. National parks are owned by the public and consist of remote and scenic land in large quantities. Parks were first preserved for the scenery they provided so the average citizen would be able to enjoy them. It was though that the more people who came to the national parks the more support there would be for the future preservation of other parks. People wanted different things from the parks though; some wanted them for sites for picnics and resorts while others wanted them preserved as museums. The parks could potentially provide engagement with nature which provides an opportunity for detachment from the submissiveness, conformity and mass behavior that dogs us in our daily lives; it offers a chance to express distinctiveness and to explore out deeper longings (Sax, 42). The nature within the park has the ability to stimulate reflectiveness and self-understanding. It provides a model of continuity, stability and sustenance, adaption, sustained productivity, diversity and evolutiona ry change. Humans can learn a lot by observing nature and applying it to their lives. If this nature is disturbed then these revelations cannot be observed and applies to other aspects of daily life. The problems of recreation can cause many conflicts in national parks. Recreation can be defined in different ways depending on the individual and can vary from hiking to snowmobiling and from five stat resorts to building your own lean to. A compromise has to be made between the many types of recreation. One possible compromise is to try fully to serve the quantitative demand for conventional recreation and to provide opportunities for all of the different kinds of activities the public wants, but not to assure those opportunities in locations that have a special value for reflective recreation (Sax, 63). There is a demand for different types of recreation including intensive-use activities. A balance has to be determined on what types of recreation can take place where and to what extent do they damage the environment and prevent future usage. Sax described how he believes the national park ought to be. One important note that he makes is to discourage motorized travel within the national parks. He also mentions decreasing crowds and allowing visitors the opportunity to experience the park at their own pace. The problem with some of the ideas that Sax proposes is that there is no easy way to determine how to effectively please each individuals wants from the park. The park service is in a dilemma between too many people wanting to utilize the park and not enough park resources to go around and conflicting interests between multiple parties. Sax recommends dealing with this dilemma by separating the choices that have to be made from each other. This will allow clarity about each decision that is made and how it will impact future decisions made. All decisions made have to bear in mind that the park belongs to all individuals but some forms of activities that consume a lot of the resources for everyone should be avoided so m ore individuals can potential benefit. The parks are there to be utilized by the individuals but individuals attitudes contribute to decisions made directly affect the potential future of the park. A certain level of tolerance is required for all parties to allow for the most effective use of the park and its resources. In Saxs book he looks at the governments role in the preservation of the national parks. The government has the authority to put in place rules and regulations that would limit the activities allowed within the parks. This would interfere with an individuals liberties to make their own decisions to pursue their individual interests and preferences. Saxs opinion is to limit an individuals liberties within national parks and to allow for the government to have the authority to control what happens within the parks. Sax and Mill seem to stand on different sides of liberal neutrality. Mill agrees with liberal neutrality with the exception of causing harm to another individual. Sax disagrees with liberal neutrality and thinks that the government should enforce rules and regulations for the individuals within national parks even if they interfere with an individuals liberties and their versions of the good life. Although Sax is talking about a specific situation were liberty and authority conflict, it can be assumed that Mills argument applies to all aspects of an individuals life including national parks. Assuming both Mill and Sax are focused on national parks and an individuals liberties within the park they are really not all that different. Mill and Sax both want individuals to be able to pursue their interests and preferences within national parks. Mill allows for these interests and preferences to be followed until they will cause direct harm to another individual. Sax allows for these interests and preferences to be followed until they will cause direst harm to the environment and potentially cause indirect harm to other individuals trying to utilize the national parks resources. Sax allows an individual to govern themselves to a certain point and his point is where an individuals actions will potentially cause harm to the environment. Causing harm to the environment will limit the availability of current and future park resources for other individuals to enjoy and could harm them and not allow them to pursue their interest and preferences within the national park. In this sense preservationists and environmentalists are liberals and allow people to do as they please without interference form society until they reach the point of harm. The idea of liberal neutrality centers around being open to different individuals version of the good life and being neutral in the decision making process that will affect an individuals ability to achieve their version of the good life. Mills essay he defines liberty and discusses limiting the authority society has over the individual/ Saxs book focuses more on allowing society to have the authority to interfere with individuals liberties as they pertain to the national parks. Both Mill and Sax present different points about the struggle between liberty and authority, they both agree on the authority to interfere with an individual if they are going to cause harm to something else. Mills version of harm focuses on harm to other individuals while Saxs versions of harm focuses on harm to the environment which is a public good and could cause harm to others if not looked out for.

Gender Equity Essay -- Essays Papers

Gender Equity Are male students and female student’s receiving the same opportunities when it comes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learned that children as young as kindergarten already have formed set stereotypes about Science and Math. The boys in the class wanted to and believed that they could be Scientist while the girls in the class did not. They perceived being a Scientist as a mans job. As children get older and move up in their grades things don’t seem to be getting any better, only worse. A three year study was done in fourth, sixth, and eighth grade classrooms in four states and they discovered that teachers actually call on and give more feedback to boys. The teachers answer to this study was that boys were more demanding and they called out more then girls. However it was found that if girls act this way they were penalized for it (Sadker D, Sadker M, and Stulber L, 1993). Teachers also challenge boys if they give the wrong answer, and if girls give the wrong answer they are more apt to call on another person. I was surprised by this research because I hadn’t actually noticed these things occurring while I was in school, but now that I look back at it I realize that it did. As I got into course three Math, a lot of girls had dropped out including myself. One of the major reasons I dropped out was the fact that my Math t... ...on since I will be going into teaching shortly. I know that it will be my job as a teacher to promote equality in my classroom. Works Cited Bailey,S., & Campbell, P(1999). The Gender Wars in Education. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18,2001: http://www.trac.net.users.ckassoc.gender_wars.htm. Baker Dale(2001). Teaching for Gender Difference. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18,2001: http://narst.org/research/gender.htm. Beyond Title IX:Gender Equity Issues in School (2001). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18, 2001: http://www.maec.org/beyond.html#intro. Damnjanovic, A., & Kahle, J. (1997) How Research Helps Address Gender Equity. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18, 2001: http://narst.org/research/gender2.htm. Sadker, D., Sadker, M., & Stulberg, L (1993). Fair and Square. Instructor Gender Equity Essay -- Essays Papers Gender Equity Are male students and female student’s receiving the same opportunities when it comes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learned that children as young as kindergarten already have formed set stereotypes about Science and Math. The boys in the class wanted to and believed that they could be Scientist while the girls in the class did not. They perceived being a Scientist as a mans job. As children get older and move up in their grades things don’t seem to be getting any better, only worse. A three year study was done in fourth, sixth, and eighth grade classrooms in four states and they discovered that teachers actually call on and give more feedback to boys. The teachers answer to this study was that boys were more demanding and they called out more then girls. However it was found that if girls act this way they were penalized for it (Sadker D, Sadker M, and Stulber L, 1993). Teachers also challenge boys if they give the wrong answer, and if girls give the wrong answer they are more apt to call on another person. I was surprised by this research because I hadn’t actually noticed these things occurring while I was in school, but now that I look back at it I realize that it did. As I got into course three Math, a lot of girls had dropped out including myself. One of the major reasons I dropped out was the fact that my Math t... ...on since I will be going into teaching shortly. I know that it will be my job as a teacher to promote equality in my classroom. Works Cited Bailey,S., & Campbell, P(1999). The Gender Wars in Education. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18,2001: http://www.trac.net.users.ckassoc.gender_wars.htm. Baker Dale(2001). Teaching for Gender Difference. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18,2001: http://narst.org/research/gender.htm. Beyond Title IX:Gender Equity Issues in School (2001). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18, 2001: http://www.maec.org/beyond.html#intro. Damnjanovic, A., & Kahle, J. (1997) How Research Helps Address Gender Equity. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on March 18, 2001: http://narst.org/research/gender2.htm. Sadker, D., Sadker, M., & Stulberg, L (1993). Fair and Square. Instructor

Lacanian Psychoanalytic Criticism in Harry Potter Essay -- Lacan Child

Lacanian Psychoanalytic Criticism in Harry Potter The inhabitants of a faraway country known for its ivory towers and for its export of literary monographs were forever quarreling over who might best represent them. One day two tiny factions decided to join forces: the adherents of the Princess Childlit and the followers of Prince Psychian, the great-great-grandson of Empress Psyche. Both groups had for a long time felt themselves unduly spurned†¦ by the powerful Board of Canonizers who had ruled Arkedemia for over a century. Might not a wedding between the two claimants strengthen their status?... just as the engagement was about to be announced, the whole affair was abruptly called off. What had happened?†¦Their cohorts had begun to quarrel most bitterly with each other†¦ The wedding did not take place†¦Soon the board of Canonizers issued an edict pronouncing both groups to be out of the system. Hereafter, their passports would be stamped with the word â€Å"marginal† in red gothic print. (Knoepfl macher, 131-132) [1] U.C. Knoepflmacher’s wonderful parody of the current situation of children’s literary criticism and the psychoanalytic approach to literature perfectly sums up what will be the major obstacle of this critical paper. It would seem that modern literary criticism has an unfortunate tendency to overlook children’s literature extensively; to relegate it to a position of only secondary importance in the critic’s glossary of â€Å"good literature.† On top of that, psychoanalytic criticism, as it is applied to children’s literature, seems to have taken on a startlingly simplistic, static approach to the analysis of the text, that does very little justice to the diversity and complexity that the field possesses. (132-133) ... ...nnual of the Modern Language Association Division on Children’s Literature and the Children’s Literature Association.18 (1990): 131-134. Lesnik-Oberstein, Karin. Children’s Literature: Criticism and the Fictional Child. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. McGillis, Roderick. â€Å"Another Kick at La/can: ‘I Am a Picture.’† Children’s Literature Association Quarterly.20.1 (1995): 42-46. Murfin, Ross, Ed. â€Å"What is Psychoanalytic Criticism?† The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 1999. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1998. Trites, Roberta Seelinger. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Approaches to Children’s Literature: Landmarks, Signposts, Maps.† Children’s Literature Association Quarterly. 25.2 (2000): 66-67.

LGBT

A social movement is a reform concept that characterizes individual collective effort with some degree of organization or community. This move is at least partially outside the normal political process and institutions, to bring about societal change. In the realm of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender rights, activists have played a vital role in reshaping the societal norms, culture and politics. The LGBT are different and unique persons in the world and exhibit an exemplary self-confidence. A common purpose and the goal of the LGBT, in the society is promoting equity the minority. However, some individuals have also focused in building and nurturing LGBT community. They also work towards promoting social liberation for the broader society from sexual stigmatization and discrimination. The LGBT movement in the world today, constitute of a wide rang of political activism and cultural activity. They therefore strategically adopt lobbying, street demonstrations, community participation and social grouping to push for their agenda. The LGBT communities have a universal way of identity. Symbols and art of social movement provide meaning, express social and political solidarity with a particular identity. The symbol mostly used by the LGBT community particularly during the 1980-19990 is the pink triangle among others. The pink triangle for example was mostly used by the Nazi community in Germany to label homosexual and lesbianism. The LGBT movements’ advocates for unique way of lifestyle defined by the world as â€Å"not normal† Consequently, people with such preferences faces a mixed reaction from the normative section of the community. The LGBT community has therefore continually faced opposing both from individuals and organizations. It is widely believed that people with negative attitude towards lesbians and gays are more likely to be male, politically conservatives, religious and older persons who particularly have little personal contact with openly gay individuals and supports the traditional roles. Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender lifestyle violates the principles of God on sexuality. The true sexual identity acceptable by God is the sexual union a man and a woman. Other forms of sexual relation are evil and therefore unacceptable before God and humanity. Culturally the actions of the LGBT community are strongly condemned. Their sexual relation is termed as â€Å"not normal† and therefore adoption of such sexual preferences tend to alter the system of values defined by the strict spirit of culture. Thus the acts of LGBT go against the cultural law concept of morality. The LGBT is therefore an Politics establishes structures that promote healthy living in the society. In fact, the spirit and law of politics has its root from religious and cultural principles.   For many years government institutions have not appreciated the rights and freedoms of the LGBT individuals. This is partly because LGBT sexual relation violates the principles of political morality. LGBT is a group of normal people and therefore deserve democratic space consideration. They should be granted the right and freedom of assembly and expression. However, LG BT community appreciate that they are swimming against the wave of normativity. Thus stigmatizations and discrimination will still continue. In response to the social; seclusion and moral uncertainty that surrounds the LGBT community, my consciousness, culture and faith will not allow me to identify with the LGBT community. I therefore will not accept to wear the identification pin. Reference Goodwin J. and James M.J, â€Å" The Gay Liberation Movements.† In the social Movement Reader: Cases and Concept